SPH并行计算方案及其在自由表面流动模拟中的应用

针对光滑粒子动力学主要计算量是近邻粒子搜索这一特点,提出了一种基于粒子分解的光滑粒子动力学并行计算方案。利用该方案可以方便地将任意串行光滑粒子动力学代码并行计算,而且每一个时间步内的信息传递量只和粒子总数有关,而和粒子的分布无关,因而特别适合于自由表面流动等大变形问题的并行数值模拟。对一个粒子总数为40万的三维溃坝问题的模拟结果表明:此方案能达到的最大加速比约为16,这一结果可能比空间分解方案(不考虑动态负载均衡)更优。     

PELE正侵穿金属薄靶轴向剩余速度近似计算与分析

运用冲击波理论,对横向效应增强型弹丸(Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency,PELE)侵穿金属靶板的机理进行了分析,将PELE侵彻过程中能量损失分为外壳和内芯撞击靶板区域环形塞块获得的能量,冲击波影响范围内外壳和内芯增加的内能,外壳前端外沿和内沿对靶板冲塞剪切耗能等,给出了确定这些能量的计算方法;并依据能量守恒原理,给出了PELE正撞金属薄靶板靶后剩余速度的近似计算公式。公式计算结果与多种条件下实验结果均吻合较好。分析计算所得各能量损失结果表明,弹体内芯材料的变化对弹体侵彻能力的影响较小;侵彻中靶板塞块获得的能量在弹体侵彻动能损失中比重最大;外壳前端内沿对靶板的剪切能耗对弹体动能损失的影响可以忽略。     

全长和埋入式组合抗滑桩在挖断村滑坡中的应用

重庆市奉节县挖断村滑坡规模巨大,滑坡体长180~250m,滑坡体厚15~35m,剩余下滑力达5 337 kN/m,采用了前排全长后排埋入式的新型组合抗滑支挡技术,大大节省了工程投资。介绍了这种新型组合抗滑结构的设计方法,重点介绍了桩的长度计算、各桩承担滑坡推力计算、治理后的监测数据。工程竣工2年的监测数据表明滑坡变形趋于稳定,说明采用全长和埋入式组合抗滑桩治理该滑坡是有效的。     

基于改进烟花算法的ELM分类模型

针对极限学习机(Extreme Learning Machine,ELM)的性能必须依赖于大量隐层节点的问题,提出了基于改进烟花算法(Improved Fireworks Algorithm,IFWA)的ELM分类模型。用改进的烟花算法进行迭代搜索,求得N个最优的烟花;选择ELM测试数据集的RMSE作为改进烟花算法的适应度值函数,来优化ELM每个隐层节点的输入权值和偏置,使得节点的决策水平提高,从而使ELM的决策性能显著提高;采用KDD99数据集验证表明:改进烟花算法的极限学习机(IFWAELM)能够以较少的隐层节点得到更高的测试平均正确率,提高了极限学习机的泛化性能。5种同类算法性能对比实验也表明IFWAELM是效果最优的。     

Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性的SPH模拟

采用SPH方法模拟了流体界面的Rayleigh Taylor不稳定性,给出了界面初始扰动的发展过程,得到了蘑菇状的扰动图像,并对两种不同初始分布的扰动过程进行了比较。分析表明,计算结果合理,SPH方法适合于界面不稳定性的模拟。     

Stein–Chen approximation and error bounds for order fill rates in assemble‐to‐order systems

Assemble‐to‐order (ATO) is an important operational strategy for manufacturing firms to achieve quick response to customer orders while keeping low finished good inventories. This strategy has been successfully used not only by manufacturers (e.g., Dell, IBM) but also by retailers (e.g., Amazon.com). The evaluation of order‐based performance is known to be an important but difficult task, and the existing literature has been mainly focused on stochastic comparison to obtain performance bounds. In this article, we develop an extremely simple Stein–Chen approximation as well as its error‐bound for order‐based fill rate for a multiproduct multicomponent ATO system with random leadtimes to replenish components. This approximation gives an expression for order‐based fill rate in terms of component‐based fill rates. The approximation has the property that the higher the component replenishment leadtime variability, the smaller the error bound. The result allows an operations manager to analyze the improvement in order‐based fill rates when the base‐stock level for any component changes. Numerical studies demonstrate that the approximation performs well, especially when the demand processes of different components are highly correlated; when the components have high base‐stock levels; or when the component replenishment leadtimes have high variability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

基于广义标准轨迹的平衡滑翔状态反馈制导方法

对多约束条件下远程助推滑翔飞行器再人滑翔飞行问题,提出了一种基于广义标准轨迹的平衡滑翔状态反馈制导方法.建立了远程助推滑翔飞行器的动力学模型,确定了飞行轨迹约束条件,详细阐述了基于广义标准轨迹的平衡滑翔状态反馈制导方法的制导原理,设计了远程助推滑翔飞行器的侧向和纵向制导律,并采用LQR( linear quadratic regular)方法设计了纵向制导参数,仿真验证了该方法的可行性.与以往再人滑翔制导方法不同,该制导方法主要利用飞行攻角的变化来调节飞行轨迹,飞行过程中飞行器的速度倾侧角较小.仿真结果表明,该制导方法能满足远程助推滑翔飞行器的再入滑翔制导问题,并且具有较好的鲁棒性和自适应性.     

固体中的高压声速

高压声速是表征凝聚介质在极端条件下性质的重要参数之一。从冲击绝热线和Gruneisen物态方程出发,导出了与冲击绝热线相容的等熵线,进而给出了沿等熵压缩线和等温压缩线以及冲击绝热线的声速的计算公式。对铝和钨的Hugoniot声速进行了计算,计算结果与实验结果符合得很好。     

A combination of Lagrangian relaxation and column generation for order batching in steelmaking and continuous‐casting production

This article considers the order batching problem in steelmaking and continuous‐casting production. The problem is to jointly specify the slabs needed to satisfy each customer order and group all the slabs of different customer orders into production batches. A novel mixed integer programming model is formulated for the problem. Through relaxing the order assignment constraints, a Lagrangian relaxation model is then obtained. By exploiting the relationship between Lagrangian relaxation and column generation, we develop a combined algorithm that contains nested double loops. At the inner loop, the subgradient method is applied for approximating the Lagrangian dual problem and pricing out columns of the master problem corresponding to the linear dual form of the Lagrangian dual problem. At the outer loop, column generation is employed to solve the master problem exactly and adjust Lagrangian multipliers. Computational experiments are carried out using real data collected from a large steel company, as well as on large‐scaled problem instances randomly generated. The results demonstrate that the combined algorithm can obtain tighter lower bound and higher quality solution within an acceptable computation time as compared to the conventional Lagrangian relaxation algorithm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

用建模前估计法辨识飞行器的气动参数

给出了一种利用飞行器飞行试验实测数据估算飞行器气动参数的建模前估计算法，完成了某轴对称无控飞行器的非线性气动参数辨识。计算结果表明：该方法计算过程简单、迅速，可以作为快速估算飞行器气动参数的有力手段，尤其适合于辨识大攻角下的气动参数。